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INTRODUCTION
CRANIAL VARIABLES
SAGITTAL VARIABLES
VERTICAL VARIABLES
DENTAL VARIABLES
SOFT TISSUE VARIABLES
ADENOIDS VARIABLES
PREDICTIONS
LANDMARK DEFINITIONS
LANDMARK REFERENCE
CONCLUSIONS

CEPHALOMETRIC MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

PURPOSE

To Analyze, Describe and Evaluate the

INDIVIDUAL CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY and the

DENTOALVEOLAR COMPENSATIONS.

To evaluate the influence from Functional Disorders.

To create the basis for Growth and Treatment Analyses and Growth and Treatment Simulation.

The illustations on this introduction page are discussed in detail in:

Cephalometric Morphological Analysis Parameters

Jens Bjoern-Joergensen, DDS, TIOPS ApS, Roskilde, Denmark

Ib Leth Nielsen, DDS, Division of Orthodontics, University of California, San Francisco

Example of variable values calculation sheet

INTERPRETATION: Refects the anterior-posterior position of the glenoid fossa and is a determinant of the position of the mandible in the sagittal plane

INTERPRETATION: Refects the anterior-posterior position of the maxillary complex

INTERPRETATION: Indicates the degree of flexion between the head in natural balanced position and the cervical spine. It is assumed to be a relation between the head balance and the facial growth rotation

INTERPRETATION: Refects difference between the nasion sella line and the true horizontal plane

CRANIAL VAR to be continued

INTERPRETATION: A low angle reflects a square mandible with a possible tendency to anterior growth rotation and v.v.

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the relation between the height and the lenght og the mandible

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the position of the maxilla in relation to the cranial base

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the position of the mandible in relation to the cranial base

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the position of the basal part of the mandible in relation to the cranial base

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the sagittal relation between the jaws

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the sagittal relation between the jaw bases

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of adaptation of the occlusal plane to the actual jaw relations. A larger angle is equal to a increased sagittal jaw relation and v.v.

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of adaptation of the occlusal plane to the actual jaw base relations. A larger angle is equal to a increased sagittal jaw base relation and v.v.

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the inclination of the palatal part of the maxilla in relation to the cranial base. The inclination of the nasal line is highly adaptive due to resorption and apposition

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the tilt of the occlusal plane

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the inclination of the mandible relation to the cranial base. The inclination of the mandibular line is highly adaptive due to resorption and apposition

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the vertical relation between the jaws

INTERPRETATION: Represents the extent of the sagittal malocclusion measured at the incisors

INTERPRETATION: Represents the extent of the vertical malocclusion measured at the incisors

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of compensation or dysplasia of the alveolar part of the upper dentition in relation to the sagittal jaw relation

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of compensation or dysplasia of the upper incisors in relation to the sagittal jaw relation

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of compensation or dysplasia of the lower incisors in relation to the sagittal jaw relation

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of compensation or dysplasia of the alveolar part of the lower dentition in relation to the sagittal jaw relation

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of compensation or dysplasia of the upper incisors in relation to the vertical jaw relation

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of compensation or dysplasia of the lower incisors in relation to the vertical jaw relation

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of compensation or dysplasia of the lower incisors in relation to the maxillar-mandibular line

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of curve of Spee

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of compensation or dysplasia of the upper incisors in relation to the maxillar-mandibular line

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of compensation or dysplasia of the upper and the lower incisors in relation to the vertical jaw relation

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of compensation or dysplasia of the lower incisors in relation to the maxillar-mandibular line

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the angle between the axis of the upper amd lower molars

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of convexity of the soft tissue profile

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the relation between the nose and the upper lip

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of protrusion of the upper lip

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of protrusion of the lower lip

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of exposure of the upper incisors

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the degree of stress of the upper lip

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the depth of the upper airway

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the depth of the lower airway

INTERPRETATION: Reflects the expectation of the future mandibular growth rotation

CEPHALOMERIC LANDMARKS

The definitions of the Cephalometric Landmarks included in the Standard (S), the Blueprint (B), the RightLeftFront(R), the SurgArticPlanning (U) and the Snake(N) Digitizing Regimens

Mandatory Landmark

Skippable Landmark

Anterior Cranial Base

Nasion	Regimens: All	Sella Anterior	Regimens: All	Sella	Regimens: All

Cervical Vertebrae

SecondCervVertApex	Regimens: B/R/N	SecondCervVertTang	Regimens: B/R/N	SecondCervVertInf	Regimens: B/R/N

FourthCervVertInf	Regimens: B/R/N

Nasal Bone and Medial Cranial Base

Nasal Bone	Regimens: B	Basion	Regimens: All

Mandible

Condylion	Regimens: All	Articulare	Regimens: All	Ramus Line Superior	Regimens: All

Ramus Line Inferior	Regimens: All	Gonion	Regimens: All	Mandibular Line Post	Regimens: All

Antegonion	Regimens: All	Mandibular Line Ant	Regimens: All	Supramentale	Regimens: All

Suprapogonion	Regimens: All	Pogonion	Regimens: All	Prognathion	Regimens: All

Gnathion	Regimens: All	Symfysion	Regimens: All	Mandibular Reference	Regimens: All

Maxilla

Pterygomaxillare	Regimens: All	Palation	Regimens: All	Subspinale	Regimens: All

SpinalPoint	Regimens: All	Maxillar Reference 1	Regimens: All	Maxillar Reference 2	Regimens: All

Teeth

Incisal Inferior Incisor	Regimens: All	Apex Inferior Incisor	Regimens: All	Lower Molar	Regimens: All

Upper Incisor	Regimens: All	Upper Molar	Regimens: All	Bicuspid Occlusal Point	Regimens: All

Soft Tissue

Frontal Tangent	Regimens: All	Supraglabellare Soft	Regimens: All	Glabella Soft	Regimens: All

Nasion Soft	Regimens: All	Dorsum Nasi	Regimens: All	Upper Nasal Tangent	Regimens: All

Pronasale	Regimens: All	Lower Nasial Tangent	Regimens: All	Nasal Septum Tangent	Regimens: All

Subnasale	Regimens: All	Subspinale Soft	Regimens: All	Labrale Superior	Regimens: All

Labial Superior Tangent	Regimens: All	Stomion Superior	Regimens: All	Stomion Inferior	Regimens: All

Labial Inferior Tangent	Regimens: All	Labrale Inferior	Regimens: All	Lower Labial Tangent	Regimens: All

Supramentale Soft	Regimens: All	Pogonion Soft	Regimens: All	Chin Tangent	Regimens: All

Prognathion Soft	Regimens: All	Gnathion Soft	Regimens: All	Submentale	Regimens: All

Os Hyoideum

Hyoideon	Regimens: All

Adenoids

TuberMaxillae	Regimens: All	AdenoidProminence1	Regimens: All	AdenoidProminence2	Regimens: All

Additional Photo Landmarks

PhotoReference	Regimens: All	ProLabraleSup	Regimens: All	LabraleSup	Regimens: All

LabialSupTangent	Regimens: All	StomionSup	Regimens: All	CommissLabrale	Regimens: All

StomionInf	Regimens: All	LabialInfTangent	Regimens: All	LabraleInf	Regimens: All

ProLabraleInf	Regimens: All	LowerLabialTangent	Regimens: All	Sublabiale	Regimens: All

Page 1 Lateral Landmarks Skeletal

Page 2 Lateral Landmarks Skeletal

Page 3 Lateral Landmarks Teeth

Page 4 Lateral Landmarks Soft Tissue

Page 5 Lateral Landmarks Calculated and Reference Lines

Page 6 Frontal Landmarks

Page 7 Frontal Landmarks

Page 8 Lower Arch Landmarks

Page 9 Lower Arch Landmarks

Page 10 Upper Arch Landmarks

Page 11 Upper Arch Landmarks

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